3, 8 Moreover, there are multiple cases of Covid-19 patients with hyper-inflammation who have had cardiac manifestations such as coronary microvascular dysfunction and peripheral artery thrombosis. 7 Interestingly, Numerous articles mentioned Covid-19 infection as a strong inflammatory syndrome. 6 Vasculitis is also a notable factor that increases the risk of aortic dissection, as in Takayasu arteritis, Behcet's disease, and syphilis infection. Numerous major risk factors contribute to increased risk of aortic dissection, including hypertension and smoking, and genetic factors such as Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Ehlers Danlos. The ascending aorta is reported to be the most common site of aortic dissection, as 65% of the dissections originate in this region. 6 Consequently, separation of the intimal layer from the outer layers occurs, and hence a false lumen appears in juxtaposition with the main aortic lumen. We have also discussed the similarities between the pathologic pathway of Covid-19 and aortic dissection.Īortic dissection is the blood passage into the aortic media as a result of the rupture in intimal layer of the aortic wall. We herein report a comprehensive systematic review of literature to cognize the patients with aortic dissection and concurrent or previous Covid-19. Even though few articles indicate that the rate of aortic dissection has been increased during the course of pandemic, no comprehensive studies have been conducted about the molecular basis and coincidence rate of Covid-19 and aortic dissection. 4 Among the cardiac complications, aortic dissection is an important yet underrated problem in Covid-19 patients. The Covid-19 is known to cause increased risk of several cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. 3, 4 Multiple findings imply that the inflammatory state in Covid-19 patients is similar to strong inflammatory syndrome both of which showing abnormal platelet count, increase in D-dimer, increase in Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), endothelialitis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines activation.
SICK SINUS SYNDROME COVID VACCINE SKIN
1, 2 Although Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) had been Initially known as an acute respiratory distress syndrome, more recently it appeared to affect various organs and organ systems, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, coagulation, and skin disorders Most of which related to the hyper-inflammatory state in Covid-19. Since 11th March 2020, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has been declared as a pandemic disease, causing numerous morbidities and mortalities worldwide.
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